Title 12 WAC
Chapter 468-12 WAC
Transportation commission and transportation department state environmental policy act rules Last Update: 12/10/87
Complete Chapter | Show Dispositions
WAC Sections
468-12-010 Authority.
468-12-020 Purpose.
468-12-055 Timing of the SEPA process.
468-12-060 Content of environmental review -- Scope of proposals.
468-12-455 Issuance of draft EIS.
468-12-460 Issuance of final EIS.
468-12-510 Public notice procedures.
468-12-660 Substantive authority and mitigation.
468-12-680 Administrative review.
468-12-704 Activities exempted from definition of "action."
468-12-800 Categorical exemptions.
468-12-880 Exemptions for emergency actions.
468-12-904 Incorporation of chapter 197-11 WAC.
468-12-910 Designation of responsible official.
468-12-912 Procedures when consulted.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-12-010
Authority.
This chapter is promulgated pursuant to the authority granted in RCW 43.21C.120 and chapter 197-11 WAC.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.21C.120 and chapter 197-11 WAC. 84-19-030 (Order 90), § 468-12-010, filed 9/14/84. Statutory Authority: 1977 ex.s. c 151. 79-01-033 (DOT Order 10 and Comm. Order 1, Resolution No. 13), § 468-12-010, filed 12/20/78. Formerly WAC 252-09-010.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-12-020
Purpose.
(1) The purpose of this chapter is to establish rules pertaining to the integration of the policies and procedures of the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA), chapter 43.21C RCW, into the programs, activities, and actions of the department of transportation (hereinafter referred to as the transportation department or the department). The rules contained herein are intended to implement and be consistent with the provisions and purposes of the SEPA guidelines (chapter 197-11 WAC).
(2) These rules are intended to establish procedures for implementing SEPA which reduce duplicative and wasteful practices, establish effective and uniform procedures, encourage public involvement, and promote certainty with respect to the requirements of SEPA.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.21C.120 and chapter 197-11 WAC. 84-19-030 (Order 90), § 468-12-020, filed 9/14/84. Statutory Authority: 1977 ex.s. c 151. 79-01-033 (DOT Order 10 and Comm. Order 1, Resolution No. 13), § 468-12-020, filed 12/20/78. Formerly WAC 252-09-020.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-12-055
Timing of the SEPA process.
(1) As provided by WAC 197-11-055, the SEPA process shall be completed before the transportation department is irrevocably committed to a particular course of action. At the same time, the SEPA process should not be undertaken until a proposal is sufficiently definite to permit meaningful environmental analysis.
(2) The threshold determination and any required environmental impact statement (EIS) for transportation department nonproject actions shall be completed prior to official adoption of the action in question.
(3) The threshold determination and any required (EIS) for licensing actions of the transportation department shall be completed prior to issuance of the license or licenses in question. Environmental review relating to licensing actions, when required, shall begin as soon as an application is complete. Applicants shall provide all environmental and design information necessary to prepare the appropriate environmental document. No licensing actions of the department require the submission of environmental documents to planning commissions or similar advisory bodies.
(4) The threshold determination and any required EIS for transportation department actions of a project nature shall in all cases be completed prior to the approval of the location or design of the project in question. A draft EIS shall be prepared prior to the first public hearing which may be held in connection with such project, and shall be made available at such hearing. While the transportation department may present a preferred alternate location or design in a draft EIS, final adoption of a particular location or design shall not occur until a final threshold determination has been made or a final EIS has been prepared.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.21C.120 and chapter 197-11 WAC. 84-19-030 (Order 90), § 468-12-055, filed 9/14/84. Statutory Authority: 1977 ex.s. c 151. 79-01-033 (DOT Order 10 and Comm. Order 1, Resolution No. 13), § 468-12-055, filed 12/20/78. Formerly WAC 252-09-055.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-12-060
Content of environmental review — Scope of proposals.
(1) Proposals which are not so closely related to each other as to be, in effect, a single action, and which are related to a large existing or planned network of highways, streets, etc., may be separated, and the present proposal may be treated as the total proposal, or only some of the future elements of a proposed action may be selected for present consideration in a threshold determination or EIS. These categorizations shall be logical with relation to the design of the total system or network, and shall not be made merely to divide a larger system into exempted fragments. These categorizations shall (a) connect logical termini (population centers, major traffic generators, major crossroads, etc.); (b) possess a reasonable degree of independent utility; and (c) promote a meaningful consideration of alternatives by avoiding the necessity of considering numerous combinations of different alternatives.
(2) Functionally related actions which are not categorically exempted by the provisions of WAC 197-11-800, and whose impacts are more significant and more readily analyzable on a "program" than on an "individual action" basis, may be analyzed, for purposes of threshold determinations and EIS preparation, as a total program.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.21C.120 and chapter 197-11 WAC. 84-19-030 (Order 90), § 468-12-060, filed 9/14/84. Statutory Authority: 1977 ex.s. c 151. 79-01-033 (DOT Order 10 and Comm. Order 1, Resolution No. 13), § 468-12-060, filed 12/20/78. Formerly WAC 252-09-060.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-12-455
Issuance of draft EIS.
In addition to the circulation procedures specified by mandatory subsection of WAC 197-11-455(1), the draft EIS shall be made available at public libraries or other public places determined by the department to be appropriate and stated in the notice of availability of the draft EIS. Notice of the availability of the draft EIS shall be as stated under WAC 468-12-510.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.21C.120 and chapter 197-11 WAC. 84-19-030 (Order 90), § 468-12-455, filed 9/14/84.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-12-460
Issuance of final EIS.
(1) As permitted in general terms by the provisions of WAC 197-11-460, the normal sixty-day period for preparation of a final EIS may be extended whenever the proposal is unusually large in scope, or where the environmental impact associated with the proposal is unusually complex. The determination that additional time is required for preparation of the final EIS shall be made in writing by the responsible official or his designee and shall be accompanied by a brief statement explaining the reason that additional time is required.
(2) Availability of the final EIS shall be as stated under WAC 468-12-510.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.21C.120 and chapter 197-11 WAC. 84-19-030 (Order 90), § 468-12-460, filed 9/14/84. Statutory Authority: 1977 ex.s. c 151. 79-01-033 (DOT Order 10 and Comm. Order 1, Resolution No. 13), § 468-12-460, filed 12/20/78. Formerly WAC 252-09-460.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-12-510
Public notice procedures.
(1) The department shall inform the public of actions requiring notice and invitation to comment under WAC 197-11-502 and 197-11-510 in the following manner:
(a) For a determination of nonsignificance (DNS) or a mitigated DNS, issued under WAC 197-11-340(2) and 197-11-350 and requiring public notice under WAC 197-11-502 (3)(b); by (i) sending a copy of the DNS and the letter of transmittal sent to the department of ecology pursuant to WAC 197-11-508, to a newspaper of general circulation in the county, city, or general area where the proposed action is located, agencies with jurisdiction, affected Indian tribes, and each local agency or political subdivision whose public services would be changed as a result of implementation of the proposal; and (ii) any other agency, organization, or member of the public who has made a specific request for information on the proposed action in writing to the department. Each person requesting information shall submit such request individually in writing by mail.
(b) For a determination of significance (DS) issued under WAC 197-11-360 and requiring public notice under WAC 197-11-502 (4)(a); by (i) publishing notice in a newspaper of general circulation in the county, city, or general area where the proposed action is located; (ii) sending a copy of the DS to any agencies with jurisdiction, affected Indian tribes, and any other agencies, members of the public, and organizations who have commented on the proposed action in writing to the department or expressed in writing to the department an interest in the proposed action; and (iii) using one or more of the other methods specified in WAC 197-11-510 (1)(a), (d), (e), and (f), as selected by the department;
(c) For a draft EIS issued under WAC 197-11-455 and requiring public notice under WAC 197-11-455(5) and for a public hearing held under WAC 197-11-535 and requiring public notice under WAC 197-11-502(6); by (i) publishing notice in a newspaper of general circulation in the county, city, or general area where the proposed action is located; (ii) sending notice of the availability of the draft EIS or the notice of the hearing to any agencies with jurisdiction, affected Indian tribes, and any other agencies, members of the public, and organizations who have commented on the proposed action in writing to the department or expressed in writing to the department an interest in the proposed action; and (iii) using one or more of the other methods specified in WAC 197-11-510 (1)(a), (d), (e), and (f), as selected by the department;
(d) For a final EIS issued under WAC 197-11-460 the document shall be sent to (i) the department of ecology (two copies), (ii) all agencies with jurisdiction, (iii) all agencies who commented on the draft EIS, and (iv) anyone requesting a copy of the final EIS. (As determined by the department a fee may be charged for the final EIS in accordance with WAC 197-11-504);
(e) For a notice of administrative review issued and requiring public notice pursuant to WAC 468-12-680:
(i) By publishing notice on the same day of each week for two consecutive weeks in a legal newspaper of general circulation in the area where the proposed action is located;
(ii) By filing notice of such action with the department of ecology in Olympia prior to the date of the last newspaper publication, and by one of the following methods which shall be accomplished prior to the date of the last newspaper publication:
(A) Mailing to the latest recorded real property owners, as shown by the records of the county treasurer, who share a common boundary line with the property upon which the project is proposed through United States mail, first class, postage prepaid; or
(B) Posting of the notice in a conspicuous manner on the property upon which the project is to be constructed;
(iii) The form of such notice of administrative review shall be substantially as follows:
NOTICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW
WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
NOTICE IS GIVEN UNDER SEPA, CHAPTER 43.21C RCW, WAC 197-11-680, 468-12-680, AND 468-12-510, THAT THE WASHINGTON STATE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION TOOK THE ACTION DESCRIBED IN 2. BELOW ON . . . . . .
1. ANY ACTION TO SET ASIDE, ENJOIN, REVIEW, OR OTHERWISE CHALLENGE SUCH ACTION ON THE GROUNDS OF NONCOMPLI-ANCE WITH THE PROVISIONS OF CHAPTER 43.21C RCW (STATE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT) SHALL BE COMMENCED BY ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW, ON OR BEFORE . . . . . . A PARTY DESIRING JUDICIAL REVIEW OF THE DECISION RESULTING FROM SUCH ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW SHALL COMMENCE SUCH APPEAL WITHIN: (A) NINETY DAYS OF THE ISSUANCE OF THIS NOTICE OF ACTION OR (B) THIRTY DAYS AFTER SERVICE OF THE FINAL DECISION OF THE DEPARTMENT, WHICHEVER IS LATER.
2. DESCRIPTION OF AGENCY ACTION: . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
3. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSAL: . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
4. LOCATION OF PROPOSAL: . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
5. TYPE OF ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW UNDER SEPA: . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
6. DOCUMENTS MAY BE EXAMINED DURING REGULAR BUSINESS HOURS AT:
. . . . . . . . . . . .
7. THIS NOTICE IS FILED BY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , P.E.
PROJECT DEVELOPMENT ENGINEER
DATE: . . . . . . . . . . . .
THIS DETERMINATION MAY BE APPEALED IN WRITING TO: PROJECT DEVELOPMENT ENGINEER; TRANSPORTATION BUILDING, MAILSTOP KF-01; OLYMPIA, WA 98504
NO LATER THAN . . . . . . . . . . . .
YOU SHOULD BE PREPARED TO MAKE SPECIFIC FACTUAL OBJECTIONS. CONTACT LOCATION DESIGN ENGINEER; TRANSPORTATION BUILDING; MAILSTOP KF-01; OLYMPIA, WA 98504; PHONE (360) 753-6141 TO READ OR ASK ABOUT THE PROCEDURES FOR SEPA APPEALS.
(2) If the department selects WAC 197-11-510 (1)(a), posting the property, as a public notice procedure, it shall do so by posting notices at major road and pedestrian intersections along the project.
(3) SEPA notices may be combined with other department notices.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.21C.120 and chapter 197-11 WAC. 88-01-029 (Order 111), § 468-12-510, filed 12/10/87; 84-19-030 (Order 90), § 468-12-510, filed 9/14/84.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-12-660
Substantive authority and mitigation.
(1) It is the policy of the department that significant adverse economic, social, and environmental effects relating to any proposed department action should be fully considered in planning and implementing such action, and that final decisions on such action should be made in the best overall public interest, and taking into consideration (a) the need for fast, safe, efficient, and economical transportation and public services reasonably responsive to the public's preferences, (b) the adverse environmental, social, and economic effects of the proposed action and alternative courses of action, and (c) the costs of eliminating or minimizing such adverse effects.
(2) The provisions of this chapter shall be interpreted in accord with this policy. This policy shall also govern substantive decisions made by the department.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.21C.120 and chapter 197-11 WAC. 84-19-030 (Order 90), § 468-12-660, filed 9/14/84.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-12-680
Administrative review.
(1) The administrative review process described in this section shall apply only to actions of the department where the department publishes a notice of administrative review and where no public hearing pursuant to either chapter 47.52 or 43.21C RCW has been provided. The notice of administrative review shall describe the action to be taken and the environmental document upon which the action is based and prescribe the availability of this administrative review process to challenge the action and its environmental documents. The notice of administrative review shall be published pursuant to WAC 197-11-510. All actions of the department not subject to the administrative review process defined herein, shall be subject to applicable judicial review. The department may file a notice of action as provided for in RCW 43.21C.080 for such actions.
(2) Any person aggrieved by the department's determination to proceed with an action which is subject to administrative review as provided in subsection (1) of this section without preparation of an EIS or with preparation of an EIS alleged to be inadequate shall appeal such determination administratively before seeking judicial review thereof. Appeals of procedural and substantive determinations shall be combined (for example, an appeal of the adequacy of an EIS or the necessity of preparing an EIS must be combined with an appeal of the department's decision on the proposed action).
(3) For any action subject to the administrative review process, any determination by the department (a) that it will proceed with the action without preparation of an EIS, (b) that it will proceed with the action after preparation of an EIS, or (c) that the EIS prepared by the department is adequate, shall become final unless the aggrieved party serves on the project development engineer of the department a written request for administrative review within thirty days of the date of the filing of the department's notice of administrative review as authorized by RCW 43.21C.075. Upon receipt of such a request, the department shall afford an aggrieved party a hearing in accordance with chapter 34.04 RCW and chapter 468-10 WAC relating to contested cases. In reaching a decision based upon such a hearing, procedural determinations made by the responsible official shall be entitled to substantial weight.
(4) If a party wishes to obtain judicial review of the administrative review decision concerning that party, the aggrieved party shall first submit a notice of intent to do so with the responsible official of the department within the time period for commencing a judicial appeal as provided in subsection (5) of this section.
(5) As provided in RCW 43.21C.075 and WAC 197-11-680, a party desiring judicial review of the administrative review decision concerning that party shall commence such appeal within (a) ninety days of the issuance of notice of administrative review by the department pursuant to RCW 43.21C.080, or (b) thirty days after service of the final decision of the department as provided in RCW 34.04.130, whichever is later.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.21C.120 and chapter 197-11 WAC. 88-01-029 (Order 111), § 468-12-680, filed 12/10/87; 84-19-030 (Order 90), § 468-12-680, filed 9/14/84.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-12-704
Activities exempted from definition of "action."
The following activities are exempted from the definition of "action" because they are nonproject actions for which approval must be obtained from a federal agency prior to implementation as provided in WAC 197-11-704 (2)(b)(iii):
(1) National transportation studies;
(2) Federal-aid system designations;
(3) National functional classification of highways and determination of needs.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.21C.120 and chapter 197-11 WAC. 84-19-030 (Order 90), § 468-12-704, filed 9/14/84.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-12-800
Categorical exemptions.
The following activities of the department are within the categorical exemptions contained in the indicated subsections of WAC 197-11-800:
(1) The repair, maintenance, or minor alteration of existing private or public structures, facilities or equipment, as provided in WAC 197-11-800(3), including but not limited to:
(a) Burning of weeds or brush within right of way limits;
(b) Preparation, storage, and application of sand and de-icing chemicals;
(c) Disposal and/or treatment of sewage generated on transportation department property in accordance with state and local regulations;
(d) Right of way mowings;
(e) Snow removal and avalanche control;
(f) Erosion control measures;
(g) Stormwater disposal procedures not involving significant changes in existing drainage patterns and quantities outside of transportation right of way;
(h) Street, road, rail, and airport cleaning and sweeping;
(i) Litter pickup and disposal;
(j) Removal and disposal of debris;
(k) Application of right of way fertilizer;
(l) Planting, thinning, and removal of roadside, railside, or airport vegetation as required for landscaping and maintenance purposes;
(m) Dead animal removal and disposal;
(n) Pavement burning;
(o) Maintenance and fencing of game crossings;
(p) Pit and sundry site reclamation;
(q) Waste oil disposal;
(r) Maintenance of chemical toilets;
(s) Control and disposal of roadway spills;
(t) The periodic application of approved pesticides to transportation rights of way to maintain design conditions as provided in WAC 197-11-800(24);
(u) All repair, maintenance, or minor alteration of existing transportation pavement, drainage facilities, rails, earthwork, bridges, tunnels, guardrails, railroad protective devices, signs, paths, trails, buildings, toll booths, radio and telephone equipment, air quality equipment, rest area facilities, storage facilities, pit sites, airports, and other physical features and structures within the jurisdiction of the transportation department.
(2) Adoptions or approvals of utility, transportation, and solid waste disposal rates, as provided in WAC 197-11-800(15), including, but not limited to the establishment of or changes in toll rates.
(3) Information collection and research, as provided by WAC 197-11-800(18), including but not limited to the development, adoption, and revision of transportation plans and six-year construction programs, and any other studies, plans, and programs which lead to proposals which have not yet been approved, adopted, or funded, and which do not commit the transportation department to proceed with the proposals contained therein.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.21C.120 and chapter 197-11 WAC. 84-19-030 (Order 90), § 468-12-800, filed 9/14/84.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-12-880
Exemptions for emergency actions.
The emergency exemptions defined in WAC 197-11-880 include, but are not limited to, the following emergency actions taken by the department.
(1) Issuance of emergency load restrictions on highways and bridges;
(2) Performance of emergency protection or restoration of highways and other transportation facilities under circumstances defined in RCW 47.28.170;
(3) Approval of funding for emergency projects;
(4) Emergency disposal of hazardous material;
(5) Emergency disaster maintenance;
(6) Installation, removal, or alteration of emergency generator equipment;
(7) Restriction of use of bridges due to structural deterioration;
(8) Emergency removal of materials dangerous to highways, bridges, or other transportation facilities.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.21C.120 and chapter 197-11 WAC. 84-19-030 (Order 90), § 468-12-880, filed 9/14/84.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-12-904
Incorporation of chapter 197-11 WAC.
(1) The provisions of chapter 197-11 WAC (SEPA guidelines adopted by the department of ecology on January 26, 1984), are hereby adopted by the department, and are incorporated in and made a part of this chapter by reference herein, to the extent that the SEPA guidelines are applicable to the programs, activities, and actions of the department.
(2) The provisions of this chapter are intended to implement the provisions of chapter 197-11 WAC, and to be consistent therewith.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.21C.120 and chapter 197-11 WAC. 84-19-030 (Order 90), § 468-12-904, filed 9/14/84.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-12-910
Designation of responsible official.
The responsible official for any project or nonproject actions not described below shall be the secretary of the department. The responsible official for all project and nonproject EIS's is the project development engineer in Olympia. The responsible official for determinations of significance and determinations of nonsignificance on project actions is the district administrator in the district where the action is located.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.21C.120 and chapter 197-11 WAC. 84-19-030 (Order 90), § 468-12-910, filed 9/14/84.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-12-912
Procedures when consulted.
When a request by another agency for consultation is made pursuant to the provisions of WAC 197-11-912, such request shall be referred for response to the project development office of the department in Olympia who shall coordinate the research and field investigations which may be necessary, and supervise the transmittal of the requested information to the lead agency within the time periods specified by WAC 197-11-502.
[Statutory Authority: RCW 43.21C.120 and chapter 197-11 WAC. 84-19-030 (Order 90), § 468-12-912, filed 9/14/84.]
Chapter 468-240 WAC
Obstruction marking and lighting Last Update: 8/13/96
Complete Chapter
WAC Sections
468-240-002 Foreword.
468-240-005 Introduction.
MARKING
468-240-025 General.
468-240-030 Marking of vehicles.
468-240-035 Marking of natural and manmade obstructions.
468-240-040 Flags.
468-240-045 Colors.
468-240-050 Marking overhead lines.
LIGHTING
468-240-105 General.
468-240-110 Special day lighting.
468-240-115 Temporary warning lights.
468-240-120 Operation of obstruction lighting.
468-240-125 Inspection of obstruction lighting.
468-240-130 Notification of light failure.
468-240-135 Color of lighting.
468-240-140 Light distribution.
468-240-145 Rated lamp voltage.
468-240-150 Flashing of lights.
468-240-155 Intensity of lighting.
468-240-160 Interference with railway signals.
468-240-165 Obstruction lighting by nonstandard lights.
468-240-170 Obstruction lighting equipment -- Specifications and drawings.
468-240-175 Obstruction lighting standards -- Towers, poles, and similar obstructions.
468-240-180 Obstruction lighting standards -- Trees.
468-240-185 Obstruction lighting standards -- Transmission lines.
468-240-190 Obstruction lighting standards -- Smokestacks and similar obstructions.
468-240-195 Obstruction lighting standards -- Prominent buildings and similar extensive obstructions.
468-240-200 Obstruction lighting standards -- Bridges.
468-240-205 Obstruction lighting standards -- Water towers, grain elevators, gas holders and similar obstructions.
468-240-210 Obstruction lighting standards -- Group of structural hazards.
468-240-215 Obstruction lighting standards -- Hazard areas.
APPENDIX
468-240-350 Appendix rules -- General.
468-240-360 Appendix rules -- Criteria for determining obstructions to air navigation.
468-240-370 Appendix rules -- Operation of moored balloons.
468-240-380 Appendix rules -- Illustrations.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-002
Foreword.
(1) The purpose of this publication is to provide state, municipal governments, private industry and interested persons with important information and guidance in connection with the marking and lighting of natural and manmade objects which are, or may become, hazards to the safe operation of aircraft.
(2) Included in the text are the state standards prescribed for the marking and lighting of obstruction to air navigation.
(3) In the appendix (WAC 12-24-350 - 12-24-380) will be found the texts of laws and regulations regarding existing or proposed objects which may present hazards to aircraft operations, and also important information to provide guidance in complying with these texts of laws and regulations.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-002, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; Obstruction marking and lighting standards, foreword, filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-005
Introduction.
(1) The Washington state aeronautics commission has the statutory responsibility of promoting safety in aeronautics and enforcing safety rules, regulations and standards. In the light of this responsibility, the Washington state aeronautics commission is vitally concerned with any object which may be a hazard to the safe operation of aircraft and the enforcement of state obstruction and marking law. Consequently, it has a primary responsibility in the determination of whether an existing or proposed object is, or will become, such a hazard.
(2) In order to provide uniform criteria to determine whether an object is, or will be, an obstruction to air navigation, the Washington state aeronautics commission has issued state standards for determining obstructions to air navigation. Natural or manmade objects or portions thereof, both temporary and permanent, which have been determined, through the application of these standards, to be obstructions and all manmade objects, or portions thereof, greater than 150 feet in over-all height above ground, or water if so situated, should be marked and/or lighted in accordance with the applicable standards hereinafter described, unless aeronautical study indicates that the absence of such marking and/or lighting will not impair safety in air navigation. Existing nonstandard obstruction marking and lighting installations should be replaced or modified so as to conform with these standards as soon as practicable.
(3) The standards for marking and lighting obstructions prescribed in this publication are designed to provide the most effective means of indicating the presence of obstructions to pilots. In many instances the obstruction may be so located in reference to other objects or the contour of the ground, that the specific standard need be applied to its upper part only. Similarly, the obstruction may be so removed from the general flow of air traffic or may be so conspicuous by its shape, size or color that obstruction marking would serve no useful purpose and would be unnecessary. Furthermore, the obstruction may present such a hazard that lighting should be provided similar to that for an obstruction of a greater height. Portions of obstructions that are shielded by surrounding objects need not be marked or lighted, but the surrounding objects should be marked and lighted.
(4) Because of the many influencing elements, the Washington state aeronautics commission may modify the obstruction marking and lighting standards hereinafter described when aeronautical study has indicated that a change or modification is necessary to provide adequate protection for aeronautics.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-005, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards, introduction, filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-025
General.
(1) The purpose of marking an obstruction which presents a hazard to aeronautics is to warn airmen during the hours of daylight of the presence of such an obstruction. To accomplish this objective, it may be necessary to color such an obstruction so that it will be visible from aircraft at any normal angle of approach, or to indicate the general definition and location of the obstruction by use of suitable markers or flags.
(2) When the upper part of only a portion of a structure or similar extensive obstruction projects above an obstruction determining surface, as described in state standards, that portion only need be obstruction marked and the point or edge of it highest in relation to the obstruction determining surface should be regarded as the "top of the obstruction." In certain cases, however, such as when the obstruction determining surface concerned is an approach or transition surface (i.e., sloping) this point or edge highest in relation to the obstruction determining surface may not be the highest point or edge above a horizontal plane passing through the base of the object. In such cases, those portions of the object, the upper parts of which are higher above a horizontal plane passing through the base of the object than the upper part considered as the "top of the obstruction," should also be obstruction marked.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-025, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-030
Marking of vehicles.
Vehicles customarily used on landing areas should be marked in accordance with the provisions of F.A.A. technical standard order TSO-N4, Army-Navy-Civil uniform requirements for the marking of vehicles used on landing areas.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-030, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-035
Marking of natural and manmade obstructions.
(1) Use of markers. Markers should be used to mark obstructions when it has been determined that it is impracticable to mark such obstructions by use of surface colors, or it has been determined that markers should be used to provide protection for aeronautics in addition to that provided by the application of aviation surface orange and white colors.
(2) General application. Markers used to mark obstructions should be displayed on or adjacent to the obstruction in conspicuous positions so as to retain the general definition of the obstruction. The size of such marker shall be a visible surface from all directions not less than that of a 36 inch sphere the length of which shall not exceed twice its median width: Provided, however, That the commission may approve a nonconforming marker.
(3) Shape. The shape of such markers should be distinctive to the extent necessary to insure that they are not mistaken for markers employed to convey other information, and they should be such that the hazard presented by the obstruction they mark is not increased.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-035, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-040
Flags.
(1) Flags may be used to mark obstructions when it has been determined that marking such obstructions by coloring or by markers is technically impracticable.
(2) The flags should be displayed around or on top of the obstruction or around its highest edge and should not increase the hazard presented by the obstruction they mark. When flags are used to mark extensive obstructions or groups of closely spaced obstructions, they should be displayed at approximately 50 foot intervals.
(3) The flags should be rectangular in shape and have stiffeners to keep them from drooping in calm or light wind. The flag stakes should be of such strength and height that they will support the flags free of the ground, vegetation, or nearby surfaces.
(4) The flags should be in accordance with one of the following patterns:
(a) Solid color aviation surface orange not less than two feet on a side.
(b) Two triangular sections, one of aviation surface orange and the other of aviation surface white, combined to form a rectangle not less than two feet on a side.
(c) A checkerboard pattern of aviation surface orange and aviation surface white squares, each one foot plus or minus 10 percent on a side, combined to form a rectangle not less than three feet on a side.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-040, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-045
Colors.
(1) Maximum visibility of obstructions by contrast in colors can best be obtained by the use of aviation surface orange and white. Paints and enamels of these colors have been developed for use by government agencies and private industry in marking obstructions to air navigation. In marking, either the aviation surface orange paint or enamel may be used as preferred.
(2) The painted surfaces of obstructions should be cleaned or repainted as often as necessary to maintain good visibility.
(3) If the smooth surface of the paint on the ladders, decks, and walkways of certain types of steel towers and similar structures presents a potential danger to maintenance personnel, such surfaces need not be painted. However, the omission of paint should be restricted to actual surfaces the painting of which will present a hazard to maintenance personnel, and care should be taken that the over-all marking effect of the painting is not reduced.
(4) Solid. Obstructions the projection of which on any vertical plane has both dimensions less than 5 feet should be colored aviation surface orange.
(5) Bands.
(a) Towers, poles, smokestacks and similar obstructions, as well as buildings of certain shape and dimensions, having essentially unbroken surfaces the projection of which on any vertical plane is 5 feet or more in one dimension and is less than 15 feet in the other dimension, and any skeleton or smokestack type obstruction having both dimensions 5 feet or more, should be colored to show alternate bands of aviation surface orange and white.
(b) The bands should be perpendicular to the major axis of the obstruction with the band at each end colored aviation surface orange. The widths of the bands should be equal and the width of each band should be approximately one-seventh of the length of the major axis of the obstruction, provided that each band shall have a width of not more than 40 feet nor less 1 1/2 feet. If it is technically impracticable to color the roof of a building to show alternate bands of aviation surface orange and white, such roof may be colored aviation surface orange.
(6) Checkerboard pattern.
(a) Water towers, grain elevators, gas holders, and similar obstructions, as well as buildings of certain shape and dimensions, having essentially unbroken surfaces the projection of which on any vertical plane is 15 feet or more in both dimensions, should have their top and vertical surfaces colored to show a checkerboard pattern of alternate rectangles of aviation surface orange and white. If it is technically impracticable to color the roof of a building to show alternate rectangles of aviation surface orange and white, such roof may be colored aviation surface orange.
(b) The sides of the rectangles should measure not less than 5 feet nor more than 20 feet. The rectangles at the corners of surfaces should be colored aviation surface orange.
(c) If a part of a water tower, gas holder, building, or similar obstruction consists of a skeleton type construction, that portion of the obstruction should be colored with alternate bands of aviation surface orange and white as specified for towers, poles, smokestacks and similar obstructions. In this case, if the portion of the obstruction, which is to be colored to show a checkerboard pattern of alternate rectangles of aviation surface orange and white, has any surfaces the projection of which on any vertical plane is less than 15 feet in either dimension, the alternate rectangles of aviation surface orange and white may have dimensions of less than 5 feet on a side, provided their dimensions remain as close as is practicable to the minimum 5 feet specified for coloring by the checkerboard pattern.
(7) If the size and shape of water towers, grain elevators, gas holders and similar obstructions come within the dimensions set forth under the specification for coloring by bands; or if their type of construction does not permit coloring by the checkerboard pattern as hereinbefore described, then such obstructions should be colored by bands as specified for towers, poles, smokestacks and similar obstructions. Where this method of coloring is employed, the top aviation surface orange band should be continued from the vertical surface so as to cover the entire top of the obstruction.
(8) If a part, or all, of certain obstructions such as water towers and gas holders of spherical shape does not permit the exact application of the checkerboard pattern of coloring, then the shape of the alternate rectangles of aviation surface orange and white covering the spherical shape may be modified to fit the particular shape of the structural surface, provided the dimensions of these modified rectangles remain to the extent practicable within the dimensional limits set forth in the specifications for coloring by the checkerboard pattern.
(9) If certain obstructions such as gas holders and grain elevators are of such large size that the application of the checkerboard pattern of coloring to the complete outer surface of the structure would be impracticable, the application of the checkerboard pattern of coloring may be limited to the upper one-third of the structure, provided aeronautical study indicates that the modified marking will provide adequate protection for air navigation.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-045, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-050
Marking overhead lines.
Overhead lines and cables required to be marked under the provisions of RCW 14.04.340 - 14.04.360, shall be marked by placing a marker as described in WAC 12-24-035(2) at least every 150 feet on, or within 30 feet of such lines or cables. See "marking of lines and cables or similar obstructions" (WAC 12-24-380(12)).
Such markers shall be colored international orange equivalent to federal specifications TT-P-59 or TT-E-489.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-050, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-105
General.
(1) The purpose of lighting an obstruction which presents a hazard to air commerce is to warn airmen during the hours of darkness and during periods of limited daytime light intensity of the presence of such an obstruction. To accomplish this objective, it is necessary to provide adequate lighting on the obstruction in a manner which assures visibility of such lighting from aircraft at any normal angle of approach. In determining the proper amount of obstruction lighting to adequately mark an obstruction, the mean elevation of the top of the building in closely built-up areas may be used as the equivalent of the ground level.
(2) The top light, or lights, displayed on an obstruction should be installed so as to mark the points or edges of the obstruction highest in relation to an obstruction determining surface, except that when no obstruction determining surface is involved, such top light, or lights, should be installed on the points or edges of the obstruction highest in relation to the ground, or water if so situated. If two or more edges of an extended obstruction located near a landing area are of the same height, the edge nearest the landing area should be lighted.
(3) When the upper part of only a portion of a building or similar extensive object projects above an obstruction determining surface, that portion only need be obstruction lighted and the point or edge of it highest in relation to the obstruction determining surface should be regarded as the "top of the obstruction." In certain cases, however, such as when the obstruction determining surface concerned is an approach or transition surface (i.e., sloping) this point or edge highest in relation to the obstruction determining surface may not be the highest above a horizontal plane passing through the base of the object. In such cases, additional obstruction lights should be placed on the highest part of the object as well as on the point or edge highest in relation to the obstruction determining surface.
(4) If a light, or lights, which is installed on an obstruction is shielded in any direction by an adjacent object, additional lights should be mounted on that object in such a way as to retain the general definition of the obstruction, the shielded light, or lights, being omitted if it does not contribute to the definition of the obstruction.
(5) Obstruction lights and hazard beacons should be operated at all times when the center of the sun's disc is 6° or more below the horizon and during periods of restricted visibility. They may also be operated at such other times as considered desirable. For the purpose of this standard, the term "sunset to sunrise" shall be generally regarded as that period when the center of the sun's disc is 6° or more below the horizon.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-105, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-110
Special day lighting.
The display of flashing or steady burning lights on an obstruction during daylight hours, for the purpose of warning airmen of the presence of such an obstruction, may be prescribed under certain conditions. The foregoing day lighting is intended to provide protection in addition to that provided by the applicable marking standard hereinbefore described.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-110, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-115
Temporary warning lights.
When an obstruction to air navigation is presented during construction of a structure at least two lights, each light consisting of a lamp of at least 100 watts enclosed in an aviation red obstruction light globe, should be installed at the uppermost point of the structure. In addition, as the height of the structure exceeds each level at which permanent obstruction lights will be required, two similar lights should be installed at each such level. These temporary warning lights should be displayed nightly from sunset to sunrise until the permanent obstruction lights have been installed and placed in operation, and should be positioned so as to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one of the lights at each level from aircraft at any normal angle of approach. It will be permissible, in the event it is more practicable, to install and operate the permanent obstruction lighting fixtures at each required level, in lieu of the above temporary warning lights, as each such level is exceeded in height during construction.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-115, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-120
Operation of obstruction lighting.
(1) The operation of obstruction lighting installed on obstructions of an over-all height greater than 150 feet above ground, or water if so situated, should be controlled by a light sensitive control device adjusted so that the lights will be turned on at a north sky light intensity level of about 35 foot-candles and turned off at a north sky light intensity level of about 58 foot-candles, or should be continuous.
(2) Under normal conditions, where no special means of controlling obstruction lighting has been recommended, either a light sensitive control device or an astronomic dial clock and time switch may be used to control the obstruction lighting in lieu of manual control.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-120, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-125
Inspection of obstruction lighting.
Obstruction lighting should be visually observed at least once each 24 hours, or checked by observing an automatic and properly maintained indicator designed to register any failure of such lights, to insure that all such lights are functioning properly as required. In the event the obstruction lighting is not readily accessible for the above observation at least once each 24 hours, an automatic alarm system designed to detect any failure of such lights may be installed to replace the normally required visual inspection. The commission will not object to excluding the side or intermediate obstruction lights on an obstruction from the alarm circuit, provided the signaling device will indicate malfunctioning of all flashing and rotating beacons regardless of their position on the obstruction, and of all top lights; and that all obstruction lights mounted on the obstruction are visually inspected at least once every two weeks, with all lamps being replaced at regular intervals after being lighted the equivalent of not more then 75 percent of their normal life expectancy.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-125, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-130
Notification of light failure.
(1) Any observed or otherwise known extinguishment of improper functioning of a marker light, regardless of its position on a manmade obstruction, which will last more than 30 minutes and any observed or otherwise known extinguishment or improper functioning of a steady burning obstruction light, installed at the top or near top of any natural or manmade obstruction, which will last more than 30 minutes should be immediately reported. Such reports should be made by telephone or telegraph to the nearest airways communications station or office of Washington state aeronautics commission and should set forth the condition of the light, or lights, the circumstance which caused the failure and the probable date that normal operation will be resumed. Further notification by telephone or telegraph should be given immediately upon resumption of normal operation by the light, or lights.
(2) Any extinguishment or improper functioning of a steady burning side or intermediate light, or lights, installed on a natural or manmade obstruction should be corrected as soon as possible, but notification of such extinguishment or improper functioning is not necessary.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-130, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-135
Color of lighting.
The signal emitted by hazard beacons and obstruction lights shall be aviation red in color.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-135, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-140
Light distribution.
The vertical and horizontal light distribution of the fixed obstruction lights should meet the requirements specified in the pertinent specifications listed in this publication. The vertical light distribution of the flashing and rotating hazard beacons should be such that the time-intensity integral of the flashes at angles between one degree and three degrees above the horizontal is not less than the candle-seconds values specified hereinbefore under "intensity of lighting," and the time-intensity integral at angles between three degrees and fifteen degrees above the horizontal is not less than the product of these candle-seconds values multiplied by nine over the square of the numerical value in degrees of the angle above the horizontal.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-140, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-145
Rated lamp voltage.
In order to provide satisfactory output by obstruction lights, the rated voltage of the lamp used should, in each case, correspond to or be within 3 percent higher than the average voltage across the lamp during the normal hours of operation.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-145, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-150
Flashing of lights.
If the flashing mechanism in obstruction lighting circuits is installed so as to make it necessary for the lights to flash, the simultaneous flashing of all lights will be permissible.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-150, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-155
Intensity of lighting.
The intensity of fixed obstruction lights should be not less than ten candles of aviation red light.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-155, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-160
Interference with railway signals.
Where obstruction lighting is installed on obstructions which are located along or near railroad rights of way and thereby constitutes a potential hazard to the safe operation of railway trains, extreme care should be taken to prevent any possibility of these obstructions lights being mistaken by locomotive engineers for railway signal lights. Shielding of the obstruction lights from the view of the locomotive engineers, if practicable, should be considered; the fixed lights on the obstruction may be made to flash; or the lights at the lower levels of the obstruction may be extinguished if their extinguishment does not materially increase the hazard to air navigation caused by the presence of the obstruction.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-160, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-165
Obstruction lighting by nonstandard lights.
Obstruction lighting installations may utilize incandescent lamps other than those specified under the recommended lamp equipment, gaseous tubes such as neon tubes, or any method other than the conventional incandescent lamps, provided such lighting installations offer equal or greater light intensity in all angles of azimuth and elevation than that specified for standard obstruction light assemblies, afford equal or greater dependability of operation, and possess the color characteristics prescribed in the following specifications.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-165, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-170
Obstruction lighting equipment — Specifications and drawings.
The lighting equipment, paint and aviation colors referred to in the standards set forth in this publication should conform with the applicable provisions of the following specifications and their related drawings:
(1) Double and single obstruction lights.
(a) Military specification MIL-L-7830.
(b) F.A.A. specification L-810 specification for obstruction light.
(2) Covers for aeronautical lights.
(a) Military specification MIL-C-7989 covers; light-transmitting (for aeronautical lights).
(3) Aviation colors.
(a) Air Force-Navy aeronautical specification AN-C-56 colors; aeronautical lights and lighting equipment.
(b) Federal specification TT-C-595 color guide; ready mixed paint.
(i) Orange no. 1205 (aviation surface orange).
(4) Aviation surface paint.
(a) Federal specification TT-P-59 aviation surface orange paint (international orange).
(b) Federal specification TT-E-489 aviation surface orange enamel (international orange).
(c) Federal specification TT-P-102 outside white paint.
(5) Air Force-Navy aeronautical standard drawings.
(a) AN2541 Globe -- marker lamp.
(b) AN2547 Fitting assembly -- marker lamp.
(6) Disconnecting obstruction light.
(a) Air Force-Navy aeronautical specification AN-L-31 lamp assembly -- disconnecting obstruction marker.
(7) Recommended lamp equipment.
Multiple circuits
Watts
Base
Lamp
Fila-
ment
L.C.L.
inches
Type
100
Med. screw
A-21 clear
C-9
2 7/16
Traffic signal
100 Med. pfc. A-21 clear CC-2V 2 3/4 Obstruction
100 Sc. term PAR-56, clear C-6 . . . . . . . . . . . . Airway beacon
*111 Med. sc. A-21 clear C-9 2 7/16 Obstruction
500 Mog. pfc. PS-40 clear C-7A. 5 11/16 Code beacon
500 Med. bip. T-20 clear C-13B 3 Airway beacon
**620 Mog. pfc. PS-40 clear C-7A 5 11/16 Code beacon
1000 Mog.bip. T-20 clear C-13 4 Airway beacon
1500 Mog.bip. T-24 clear(32v) C-5 4 Airway beacon
Series circuit
Lumens
Base
Lamp
Fila-
ment
L.C.L.
inches
Type
1020
Med. pfc.
A-21 clear
C-8
2 3/4
Obstruction
* Has same lumen output as 100-watt but designed for 3000 hours life.
** Has same lumen output as 500-watt but designed for 3000 hours life.
Note: Copies of military specifications and air force-navy aeronautical specifications or drawings can be obtained by contacting Commanding General, Air Material Command, Wright Field, Dayton, Ohio, or the Bureau of Aeronautics, Department of the Navy, Washington 25, D.C. Copies of F.A.A. specifications and information concerning air force-navy aeronautical specifications and federal specifications can be obtained from the Office of Federal Airways, F.A.A. Washington 25, D.C.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-170, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-175
Obstruction lighting standards — Towers, poles, and similar obstructions.
Towers, poles and similar obstructions should be lighted in accordance with the following specifications:
(1) Specification "A-1." When the particular obstruction is not more than 150 feet in over-all height above ground, or water if so situated.
(a) There should be installed at the top of the obstruction at least two lights, each light consisting of a lamp of at least 100 watts enclosed in aviation red obstruction light globes. These lights should burn simultaneously and should be positioned so as to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one of the lights from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(2) Specification "A-2." When the particular obstruction is more than 150 feet but not more than 300 feet in over-all height above ground, or water if so situated.
(a) There should be installed at the top of the obstruction a flashing 300 mm electric code beacon equipped with two lamps and aviation red color filters. The two lamps of the beacon should burn simultaneously and each lamp should be at least 500 watts. Where a rod or other construction of not more than 20 feet in height and incapable of supporting this beacon is mounted on top of the obstruction and it is determined that this additional construction does not permit unobstructed visibility of the code beacon from aircraft at any normal angle of approach, there should be installed two such beacons positioned so as to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one of the beacons at any normal angle of approach.
(b) At the approximate mid point of the over-all height of the obstruction, there should be installed at least two lights, each light consisting of a lamp of at least 100 watts, enclosed in aviation red obstruction light globes. Each light should be placed on diagonally or diametrically opposite positions of the obstruction and mounted so as to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one light from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(c) In case of a triangular or rectangular shaped tower, the lights at the mid level should be mounted so as to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one light from aircraft at any normal angle of approach, or a light should be installed on each corner of the tower at this level.
(3) Specification "A-3." When the particular obstruction is more than 300 feet but not more than 450 feet in over-all height above ground, or water if so situated.
(a) There should be installed at the top of the obstruction a flashing 300 mm electric code beacon equipped with two lamps and aviation red color filters. The two lamps of the beacon should burn simultaneously and each should be at least 500 watts. Where a rod or other construction of not more than 20 feet in height and incapable of supporting this beacon is mounted on top of the obstruction and it is determined that this additional construction does not permit unobstructed visibility of the code beacon from aircraft at any normal angle of approach, there should be installed two such beacons positioned so as to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one of the beacons from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(b) On levels at approximately two-thirds and one-third or the over-all height of the obstruction, there should be installed at least two lights, each light consisting of a lamp of at least 100 watts, enclosed in aviation red obstruction light globes. Each light should be placed on diagonally or diametrically opposite positions of the obstruction and mounted so as to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one light at each level from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(c) In case of a triangular or rectangular shaped tower, the lights at the two-thirds and one-third levels should be mounted so as to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one light on each level from aircraft at any normal angle of approach, or a light should be installed on each corner of the obstruction at each level.
(4) Specification "A-4." When the particular obstruction is more than 450 feet but not more than 600 feet in over-all height above ground, or water if so situated.
(a) There should be installed at the top of the obstruction a flashing 300 mm electric code beacon equipped with two lamps and aviation red color filters. The two lamps of the beacon should burn simultaneously and each should be at least 500 watts. Where a rod or other construction of not more than 20 feet in height and incapable of supporting this beacon is mounted on top of the obstruction and it is determined that this additional construction does not permit unobstructed visibility of the code beacon from aircraft at any normal angle of approach, there should be installed two such beacons positioned so as to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one of the beacons from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(b) At approximately one-half of the over-all height of the obstruction, a similar flashing 300 mm electric code beacon should be installed in such a position within the obstruction proper that the structural members will not impair visibility of this beacon from aircraft at any normal angle of approach. In the event this beacon cannot be installed in a manner to insure unobstructed visibility of it from aircraft at any normal angle of approach, there should be installed two such beacons. Each beacon should be mounted on the outside of diagonally opposite corners or opposite sides of the obstruction at the prescribed height.
(c) On levels of approximately three-fourths and one-fourth of the over-all height of the obstruction one or more lights, each light consisting of a lamp of at least 100 watts, enclosed in aviation red obstruction light globes, should be installed on each outside corner of the obstruction at each level.
(5) Specification "A-5." When the particular obstruction is more than 600 feet but not more than 750 feet in over-all height above ground, or water if so situated.
(a) There should be installed at the top of the obstruction a flashing 300 mm electric code beacon equipped with two lamps and aviation red color filters. The two lamps of the beacon should burn simultaneously and each should be at least 500 watts. Where a rod or other construction of not more than 20 feet in height and incapable of supporting this beacon is mounted on top of the obstruction and it is determined that this additional construction does not permit unobstructed visibility of the code beacon from aircraft at any normal angle of approach, there should be installed two such beacons positioned so as to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one of the beacons from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(b) At approximately two-fifths of the over-all height of the obstruction, a similar flashing 300 mm electric code beacon should be installed in such a position within the obstruction proper that the structural members will not impair visibility of this beacon from aircraft at any normal angle of approach. In the event this code beacon cannot be installed in a manner to insure unobstructed visibility from aircraft at any normal angle of approach, there should be installed two such beacons at this level. Each beacon should be mounted on the outside of diagonally opposite corners or opposite sides of the obstruction at the prescribed height.
(c) On levels at approximately four-fifths, three-fifths and one-fifth of the over-all height of the obstruction one or more lights, each light consisting of a lamp of at least 100 watts, enclosed in aviation red obstruction light globes should be installed on each outside corner of the obstruction at each level.
(6) Specification "A-6." When the particular obstruction is more than 750 feet but not more than 900 feet in over-all height above ground, or water if so situated.
(a) There should be installed at the top of the obstruction a flashing 300 mm electric code beacon equipped with two lamps and aviation red color filters. The two lamps of the beacon should burn simultaneously and each should be at least 500 watts.
(b) Where a rod or other construction of not more than 20 feet in height and incapable of supporting this beacon is mounted on top of the obstruction and it is determined that this additional construction does not permit unobstructed visibility of the code beacon from aircraft at any normal angle of approach, there should be installed two such beacons positioned so as to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one of the beacons from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(c) At approximately two-thirds and at approximately one-third of the over-all height of the obstruction, a similar flashing 300 mm electric code beacon should be installed in such a position within the obstruction proper that the structural members will not impair visibility of this beacon from aircraft at any normal angle of approach. In the event these electric code beacons cannot be installed in a manner to insure unobstructed visibility from aircraft at any normal angle of approach, there should be installed two such beacons at each level. Each beacon should be mounted on the outside of diagonally opposite corners or opposite sides of the obstruction at the prescribed heights.
(d) On levels at approximately five-sixths, one-half and one-sixth of the over-all height of the obstruction one or more lights, each light consisting of a lamp of at least 100 watts, enclosed in aviation red obstruction light globes should be installed on each outside corner of the obstruction at each level.
(7) Specification "A-7." When the particular obstruction is more than 900 feet but not more than 1050 feet in over-all height above ground, or water if so situated.
(a) There should be installed at the top of the obstruction a flashing 300 mm electric code beacon equipped with two lamps and aviation red color filters. The two lamps of the beacon should burn simultaneously and each should be at least 500 watts. Where a rod or other construction of not more than 20 feet in height and incapable of supporting this beacon is mounted on top of the obstruction and it is determined that this additional construction does not permit unobstructed visibility of the code beacon from aircraft at any normal angle of approach, there should be installed two such beacons positioned so as to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one of the beacons from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(b) At approximately four-sevenths, and at approximately two-sevenths of the over-all height of the obstruction, a similar flashing 300 mm electric code beacon should be installed in such a position within the obstruction proper that the structural members will not impair visibility of this beacon from aircraft at any normal angle of approach. In the event these electric code beacons cannot be installed in a manner to insure unobstructed visibility from aircraft at any normal angle of approach, there should be installed two such beacons at each level. Each beacon should be mounted on the outside of diagonally opposite corners or opposite sides of the obstruction at the prescribed heights.
(c) On levels at approximately six-sevenths, five-sevenths, three-sevenths and one-seventh of the over-all height of the obstruction one or more lights consisting of a lamp of at least 100 watts, enclosed in aviation red obstruction light globes should be installed on each outside corner of the obstruction at each level.
(8) Specification "A-8." When the particular obstruction is more than 1050 feet but not more than 1200 feet in over-all height above ground, or water if so situated.
(a) There should be installed at the top of the obstruction a flashing 300 mm electric code beacon equipped with two lamps and aviation red color filters. The two lamps of the beacon should burn simultaneously and each should be at least 500 watts. Where a rod or other construction of not more than 20 feet in height and incapable of supporting this beacon is mounted on top of the obstruction and it is determined that this additional construction does not permit unobstructed visibility of the code beacon from aircraft at any normal angle of approach, there should be installed two such beacons positioned so as to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one of the beacons from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(b) At approximately three-fourths, one-half and one-fourth of the over-all height of the obstruction, a similar flashing 300 mm electric code beacon should be installed in such a position within the obstruction proper that the structural members will not impair visibility of this beacon from aircraft at any normal angle of approach. In the event these electric code beacons cannot be installed in a manner to insure unobstructed visibility from aircraft at any normal angle of approach, there should be installed two such beacons at each level. Each beacon should be mounted on the outside of diagonally opposite corners or opposite sides of the obstruction at the prescribed heights.
(c) On levels at approximately seven-eighths, five-eighths, three-eighths and one-eighth of the over-all height of the obstruction one or more lights, each light consisting of a lamp of at least 100 watts, enclosed in aviation red obstruction light globes should be installed on each outside corner of the obstruction at each level.
(9) Specification "A-9." When the particular obstruction is more than 1200 feet but not more than 1350 feet in over-all height above ground, or water if so situated.
(a) There should be installed at the top of the obstruction a flashing 300 mm electric code beacon equipped with two lamps and aviation red color filters. The two lamps of the beacon should burn simultaneously and each should be at least 500 watts. Where a rod or other construction of not more than 20 feet in height and incapable of supporting this beacon is mounted on top of the obstruction and it is determined that this additional construction does not permit unobstructed visibility of the code beacon from aircraft at any normal angle of approach, there should be installed two such beacons positioned so as to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one of the beacons from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(b) At approximately two-thirds, four-ninths and two-ninths of the over-all height of the obstruction, a similar flashing 300 mm electric code beacon should be installed in such a position within the obstruction proper that the structural members will not impair visibility of this beacon from aircraft at any normal angle of approach. In the event these electric code beacons cannot be installed in a manner to insure unobstructed visibility from aircraft at any normal angle of approach, there should be installed two such beacons at each level. Each beacon should be mounted on the outside of diagonally opposite corners or opposite sides of the obstruction at the prescribed heights.
(c) On levels at approximately eight-ninths, seven-ninths, five-ninths, one-third and one-ninth of the over-all height of the obstruction one or more lights, each light consisting of a lamp of at least 100 watts, enclosed in aviation red obstruction light globes should be installed on each outside corner of the obstruction at each level.
(10) Specification "A-10." When the particular obstruction is more than 1350 feet but not more than 1500 feet in over-all height above ground, or water if so situated.
(a) There should be installed at the top of the obstruction a flashing 300 mm electric code beacon equipped with two lamps and aviation red color filters. The two lamps of the beacon should burn simultaneously and each should be at least 500 watts. Where a rod or other construction of not more than 20 feet in height and incapable of supporting this beacon is mounted on top of the obstruction and it is determined that this additional construction does not permit unobstructed visibility of the code beacon from aircraft at any angle of approach, there should be installed two such beacons positioned so as to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one of the beacons from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(b) At approximately four-fifths, three-fifths, two-fifths and one-fifth of the over-all height of the obstruction, a similar flashing 300 mm electric code beacon should be installed in such a position within the obstruction proper that the structural members will not impair visibility of this beacon from aircraft at any normal angle of approach. In the event these electric code beacons cannot be installed in a manner to insure unobstructed visibility from aircraft at any normal angle of approach, there should be installed two such beacons at each level. Each beacon should be mounted on the outside of diagonally opposite corners or opposite sides of the obstruction at the prescribed heights.
(c) On levels at approximately nine-tenths, seven-tenths, one-half, three-tenths and one-tenth of the over-all height of the obstruction one or more lights, each light consisting of a lamp of at least 100 watts, enclosed in aviation red obstruction light globes should be installed on each outside corner of the obstruction at each level.
(11) Specification "A-11." Towers and similar obstructions which are more than 1500 feet in over-all heights above ground, or water if so situated, will be given special aeronautical study to determine the proper manner in which to obstruction light them to provide adequate protection for air commerce.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-175, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-180
Obstruction lighting standards — Trees.
A line of trees, with the individual trees located less than 150 feet apart, or a tree covered area should be lighted as an extensive obstruction in the manner set forth in the "E" specifications for prominent buildings and similar extensive obstructions, with the obstruction lights mounted on poles or towers, of a height slightly greater than the height of the outstanding trees. Individual trees and widely spaced trees should be lighted in accordance with the following specifications:
(1) Specification "B-1." Poles of a height slightly greater than the height of the outstanding tree(s) should be installed adjacent to the tree(s) and lighted in accordance with the specifications hereinbefore prescribed for individual towers, poles and similar obstructions of a corresponding over-all height above ground, or water if so situated.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-180, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-185
Obstruction lighting standards — Transmission lines.
The catenary of a transmission line or similar obstructions, should be lighted in accordance with the following specifications:
(1) Specification "C-1."
(a) The towers, poles, or similar structures supporting such a line should be lighted in accordance with the specifications hereinbefore prescribed for individual towers, poles, or similar obstructions of a corresponding over-all height above ground, or water if so situated.
(b) In each case where a transmission line within 15,000 feet of a landing area is required to be lighted in accordance with the provisions of RCW 14.04.340 - 14.04.350, one or more lights, each light consisting of a lamp of at least 100 watts enclosed in an aviation red obstruction light globe, should be displayed for each 150 feet or fraction thereof, of the over-all length of the overhead line. These lights should be equally spaced along the entire length of the overhead transmission line at points not more than 150 feet apart and each light should be placed not below the level of the highest wire at the point marked.
(c) When a transmission line more than 15,000 feet from a landing area is required to be lighted in accordance with the provisions of RCW 14.04.340 - 14.04.350, the distance between the obstruction lights displayed on such wires may be increased to not less than 600 feet.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-185, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-190
Obstruction lighting standards — Smokestacks and similar obstructions.
Smokestacks and similar obstructions should be lighted in accordance with the following specifications:
(1) In order to avoid the obscurant effect of the deposits generally in evidence from this type of structure, the top lights should be installed from 5 to 10 feet below the highest point of the structure. It is important that these lights be readily accessible to enable cleaning when necessary and to facilitate lamp replacements.
(2) Smokestacks and similar obstructions may be floodlighted by fixed searchlight projectors installed at three or more equidistant points around the base of each such obstruction if the search light projectors will provide an average illumination of at least 15 candles at the top one-third of the obstruction.
(3) Specification "D-1." When the particular obstruction is not more than 150 feet in over-all height above ground, or water if so situated.
(a) There should be installed at a near top level of the obstruction three or more lights, each light consisting of a lamp of at least 100 watts, enclosed in aviation red obstruction light globes. These lights should be placed at regular intervals on the horizontal plane in a manner to insure unobstructed visibility of at least two of the lights from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(4) Specification "D-2." When the particular obstruction is more than 150 feet but not more than 300 feet in over-all height above ground, or water if so situated.
(a) There should be installed at a near top level of the obstruction two or more flashing 300 mm electric code beacons, each beacon equipped with two lamps and aviation red color filters. The two lamps of each beacon should burn simultaneously and each should be at least 500 watts. The beacons should be placed at regular intervals on the horizontal plane in a manner to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one beacon from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(b) At approximately the mid point of the over-all height of the obstruction, there should be installed at least two lights, each light consisting of a lamp of at least 100 watts, enclosed in aviation red obstruction light globes. These lights should be placed at regular intervals on the horizontal plane in a manner to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one light from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(5) Specification "D-3." When the particular obstruction is more than 300 feet but not more than 450 feet in over-all height above ground, or water if so situated.
(a) There should be installed at a near top level of the obstruction two or more flashing 300 mm electric code beacons, each beacon equipped with two lamps and aviation red color filters. The two lamps of each beacon should burn simultaneously and each should be at least 500 watts. The beacons should be placed at regular intervals on the horizontal plane in a manner to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one beacon from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(b) On levels at approximately two-thirds and one-third of the over-all height of the obstruction, there should be installed on each level at least two lights, each light consisting of a lamp of at least 100 watts, enclosed in aviation red obstruction light globes. These lights should be placed at regular intervals on the horizontal plane in a manner to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one light from aircraft on any normal angle of approach.
(6) Specification "D-4." When the particular obstruction is more than 450 feet but not more than 600 feet in over-all height above ground, or water if so situated.
(a) There should be installed at a near top level of the obstruction two or more flashing 300 mm electric code beacons, each beacon equipped with two lamps and aviation red color filters. The two lamps of each beacon should burn simultaneously and each should be at least 500 watts. The beacons should be placed at regular intervals on the horizontal plane in a manner to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one beacon from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(b) At approximately one-half of the over-all height of the structure, two or more similar flashing 300 mm electric code beacons should be installed at regular intervals on the horizontal plane in a manner to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one beacon from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(c) On levels of approximately three-fourths and one-fourth of the over-all height of the structure, there should be installed on each level at least three lights, each light consisting of a lamp of at least 100 watts, enclosed in aviation red obstruction light globes. These lights should be placed at regular intervals on the horizontal plane in a manner to insure unobstructed visibility of at least two lights on each level from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(7) Specification "D-5." When the particular obstruction is more than 600 feet but not more than 750 feet in over-all height above ground, or water if so situated.
(a) There should be installed at a near top level of the obstruction two or more flashing 300 mm electric code beacons, each beacon equipped with two lamps and aviation red color filters. The two lamps of each beacon should burn simultaneously and should be at least 500 watts. The beacons should be placed at regular intervals on the horizontal plane in a manner to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one beacon from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(b) At approximately two-fifths of the over-all height of the obstruction, two or more similar flashing 300 mm electric code beacons should be installed at regular intervals on the horizontal plane in a manner to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one beacon from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(c) On levels of approximately four-fifths, three-fifths and one-fifth of the over-all height of the obstruction, there should be installed on each level at least three lights, each light consisting of a lamp of at least 100 watts, enclosed in aviation red obstruction light globes. These lights should be placed at regular intervals on the horizontal plane in a manner to insure unobstructed visibility of at least two lights on each level from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(8) Specification "D-6." When the particular obstruction is more than 750 feet but not more than 900 feet in over-all height above ground, or water if so situated.
(a) There should be installed at a near top level of the obstruction two or more flashing 300 mm electric code beacons, each beacon equipped with two lamps and aviation red color filters. The two lamps of each beacon should burn simultaneously and each should be at least 500 watts. The beacons should be placed at regular intervals on the horizontal plane in a manner to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one beacon from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(b) At approximately two-thirds and at approximately one-third of the over-all height of the obstruction two or more similar flashing 300 mm electric code beacons should be installed at regular intervals on the horizontal plane in a manner to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one beacon from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(c) On levels of at approximately five-sixths, one-half and one-sixth of the over-all height of the obstruction, there should be installed at least three lights, each light consisting of a lamp of at least 100 watts, enclosed in aviation red obstruction light globes. These lights should be placed at regular intervals on the horizontal plane in a manner to insure unobstructed visibility of at least two lights on each level from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(9) Specification "D-7." Smokestacks and similar obstructions which are more than 900 feet in over-all height above ground, or water if so situated, will be given special aeronautical study to determine the proper manner in which to obstruction light them to provide adequate protection for air commerce.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-190, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-195
Obstruction lighting standards — Prominent buildings and similar extensive obstructions.
(1) Prominent buildings and similar extensive obstructions should be lighted in accordance with the following specifications. In the event the individual objects of a group of obstructions are approximately the same over-all height above ground, or water if so situated, and are located not more than 150 feet apart, the group of obstructions may be considered an extensive obstruction and so lighted.
(2) Specification "E-1." When the particular obstruction is not more than 150 feet in over-all height above ground, or water if so situated.
(a) If the obstruction is not more than 150 feet in either horizontal dimension, there should be installed at approximately the highest point or edge at each end of the major axis of the obstruction at least one light, consisting of a lamp of at least 100 watts, enclosed in an aviation red obstruction light globe. These lights should be positioned so as to insure unobstructed visibility of them from aircraft at any normal angle of approach, and to indicate the general extent of the obstruction; or, if the shape of the obstruction is such as to make this manner of lighting impracticable, there may be installed two such lights at the approximate center of the highest point or edge of the obstruction. Both lights should burn simultaneously and be so positioned as to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one of the lights from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(b) If the obstruction is more than 150 feet in one horizontal dimension, but not more than 150 feet in the other, there should be installed at least one light, consisting of a lamp of at least 100 watts enclosed in an aviation red obstruction light globe, for each 150 feet, or fraction thereof, or the over-all length of the major axis of the obstruction. At least one of these top lights should be installed on the highest point or edge of each end of the obstruction, with the additional lights as required spaced at approximately equal intervals not exceeding 150 feet, on the highest points or edge between the end lights in a manner to indicate the extent of the obstruction and to insure unobstructed visibility of the lights from aircraft at any normal angle of approach. If there are two or more edges of the same height on such an obstruction located near a landing area, the edge nearest the landing area should be lighted.
(c) If the obstruction is more than 150 feet in both horizontal dimensions, there should be installed at least one light, consisting of a lamp of at least 100 watts enclosed in an aviation red obstruction light globe, on the highest point of each corner of the obstruction. In addition, there should be installed at least one similar light for each 150 feet, or fraction thereof, [if] the distance between the corner lights exceeds 150 feet. These additional lights should be installed at approximately equal intervals, at the highest points along the outer edges of the obstruction, between the corner lights in a manner to indicate the general extent and definition of the obstruction and to insure unobstructed visibility of the lights from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(d) In the event there are one or more points within the outer edges of the obstruction, the uppermost parts of which are higher than the highest level of the lights hereinbefore prescribed, at least one similar light should be displayed from the top of each such point.
(2) Specification "E-2." When the particular obstruction is more than 150 feet in over-all height above ground, or water if so situated.
(a) Top lights should be installed on the obstruction in the manner set forth in the applicable provisions of Specification "E-1."
(b) In addition to the required top lights, intermediate lights, each consisting of a lamp of at least 100 watts enclosed in an aviation red obstruction light globe, should be provided for each 150 feet, or fraction thereof, [if] the obstruction exceeds 150 feet in over-all height above ground, or water if so situated. The position of these intermediate lights on the vertical plane should be at as close to equidistant levels between the top lights and the ground level as the particular shape and type of obstruction will permit. One such light should be installed at each outside corner of the obstruction at each level and also one such light should be installed at equal intervals on the horizontal plane on each outer surface at each level between adjacent corner lights, for each 150 feet, or fraction thereof, [if] the over-all horizontal distance between such adjacent corner lights exceeds 150 feet.
Note: In lieu of installing the obstruction lights on the obstructions, a pole or poles of a height slightly greater than the over-all height of the obstruction may be installed thereto and lighted in accordance with the specifications hereinbefore prescribed for individual towers, poles, or similar obstructions of a corresponding over-all height. It is important that those towers, poles, or similar structures be installed in such a manner as to indicate the general definition and extent of the obstruction.
(3) In the event early or special warning is considered necessary to provide adequate protection for aircraft, the top lights on each obstruction as required under Specifications "E-1" and "E-2" should be replaced with one or more flashing 300 mm electric code beacons, each beacon equipped with two lamps and aviation red color filters. The two lamps of each beacon should burn simultaneously and each should be at least 500 watts.
(4) Where obstructions are extensive as in the case of a line of trees or hills, and the use of the fixed obstruction lights would be impracticable or inadequate, flashing or rotating hazard beacons may be used as an alternate to the fixed obstruction lights. Such beacons should be located on the highest points or edges of the extended obstruction at intervals not exceeding 3,000 feet, provided at least three beacons are placed on any one side or edge of the extensive obstruction to indicate a line of lights.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-195, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-200
Obstruction lighting standards — Bridges.
The superstructure of a bridge should be lighted in accordance with the following specifications.
(1) Where the bridge structure is over navigable water, approval of the lighting installation must be obtained from the commandant of the United States Coast Guard to avoid interference with marine navigation.
(2) Specification "F-1." When the bridge superstructure is not more than 150 feet in over-all length.
(a) There should be installed at the approximate center of the highest point of the superstructure at least two lights, each light consisting of a lamp of at least 100 watts, enclosed in aviation red obstruction light globes. The two lights should burn simultaneously and should be positioned so as to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one of the lights from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(3) Specification "F-2." When the bridge superstructure is more than 150 feet in over-all length.
(a) There should be installed for each 150 feet, or fraction thereof, of the over-all length of the bridge superstructure one or more lights, each light consisting of a lamp of at least 100 watts, enclosed in aviation red obstruction light globes. These lights should be installed on the highest points of the superstructure at approximately equal intervals not exceeding 150 feet in a manner to indicate the general definition and extent of the obstruction, and to insure unobstructed visibility of the lights from aircraft at any normal angle of approach. The distance between these top lights may be increased to a distance not exceeding 600 feet when the particular bridge is located more than 15,000 feet from the reference point of any landing area.
(b) Where the bridge superstructure exceeds 150 feet in over-all length and the use of the above described obstruction lights would be impracticable or inadequate, flashing or rotating hazard beacons should be used as an alternate to the fixed obstruction lights. Such beacons should be located on the highest points or edge of the bridge superstructure at intervals not exceeding 3,000 feet, provided at least three beacons are installed to indicate the extent of the obstruction. The flashing or rotating beacons should conform to the provisions of the pertinent specifications as hereinbefore indicated under "obstruction lighting equipment."
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-200, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-205
Obstruction lighting standards — Water towers, grain elevators, gas holders and similar obstructions.
Water towers, grain elevators, gas holders and similar obstructions should be lighted in accordance with the following specifications:
(1) Specification "G-1." When the particular obstruction is not more than 150 feet in over-all height above ground, or water if so situated.
(a) There should be installed at the top of the obstruction at least two lights, each light consisting of a lamp of at least 100 watts, enclosed in aviation red obstruction light globes. These lights should burn simultaneously and should be positioned so as to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one of the lights from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(2) Specification "G-2." When the particular obstruction is more than 150 feet but not more than 300 feet in over-all height above ground, or water if so situated.
(a) There should be installed at the top of the obstruction a flashing 300 mm electric code beacon equipped with two lamps and aviation red color filters. The two lamps of the beacon should burn simultaneously and each should be at least 500 watts. The beacon should be positioned so as to insure unobstructed visibility of it from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(b) At the approximate midpoint of the over-all height of the obstruction, there should be installed three or more lights, each light consisting of a lamp of at least 100 watts, enclosed in aviation red obstruction light globes. The position of these intermediate lights on the vertical plane should be as close to an equidistant level between the top beacon and the ground level as the particular shape and type of construction of the obstruction will permit. These lights should be placed at regular intervals on the horizontal plane in a manner to insure unobstructed visibility of at least two of the lights from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(3) Specification "G-3." When the particular obstruction is more than 300 feet but not more than 450 feet in over-all height above ground, or water if so situated.
(a) There should be installed at the top of the obstruction a flashing 300 mm electric code beacon equipped with two lamps and aviation red color filters. The two lamps of the beacon should burn simultaneously and each should be at least 500 watts. The beacon should be positioned so as to insure unobstructed visibility of it from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
(b) At approximately two-thirds and one-third of the over-all height of the obstruction there should be installed three or more lights, each light consisting of a lamp of at least 100 watts, enclosed in aviation red obstruction light globes. The position of these intermediate lights on the vertical plane should be as close to equidistant positions between the top beacon and the ground level as the particular shape and type of construction of the structure will permit. These lights should be placed at regular intervals on the horizontal plane in a manner to insure unobstructed visibility of at least two lights on each level from aircraft at any normal angle of approach.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-205, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-210
Obstruction lighting standards — Group of structural hazards.
Towers, poles, tanks, smokestacks and similar obstructions which are so grouped as to present a common hazard to air navigation should be lighted in accordance with the following specifications:
(1) Specification "H-1."
(a) This specification applies to a group of closely spaced towers, poles, tanks, smokestacks or similar obstructions of approximately the same over-all height above ground, or water if so situated, in which the spacing between the individual structures does not exceed 150 feet.
(b) The group may be considered an extensive obstruction and lighted in accordance with the "E" specifications for prominent buildings and similar extensive obstructions.
(2) Specification "H-2."
(a) This specification applies to a group of closely spaced towers, poles, tanks, smokestacks and similar obstructions, which may or may not be of the same over-all height, in which the spacing between the individual structures is not in all cases equal to or less than 150 feet.
(b) Each prominent object within the group should be lighted in accordance with the specifications hereinbefore prescribed for individual towers, poles, and similar obstructions or a corresponding over-all height above ground, or water if so situated.
(c) In addition, there should be installed at the top of a prominent center obstruction or on a special tower located near the center of the group of obstructions, at least one rotating beacon producing aviation red flashes. The frequency of its flashes should be such as hereinbefore specified for rotating beacons.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-210, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-215
Obstruction lighting standards — Hazard areas.
Areas in which a visible or invisible hazard, or hazards, exists should be lighted in accordance with the following specifications.
(1) The obstruction lighting prescribed hereinafter is in addition to such lighting as may be necessary on any natural or manmade obstruction located within the hazard area.
(2) Specification "I-1."
(a) An area in which a visible or invisible hazard, or hazards, to aircraft exists.
(b) There should be mounted on top of a tower or other suitable structure, located near the center of the area, at least one rotating beacon producing aviation red flashes. The frequency of its flashes should be such as hereinbefore specified for rotating beacons.
(3) Specification "I-2."
(a) A large area in which a visible or invisible hazard, or hazards, to aircraft exists.
(b) There should be installed at two or more places around the perimeter of the area a rotating beacon, mounted on top of a tower or other suitable structure, producing aviation red flashes. The beacons should be located in a manner to insure unobstructed visibility of at least one of the beacons from aircraft at any normal angle of approach. The frequency of its flashes should be such as hereinbefore specified for rotating beacons.
[Statutory Authority: Chapter 47.68 RCW. 96-17-018 (Order 164), recodified as § 468-240-215, filed 8/13/96, effective 9/13/96; O.M.&L. standards (part), filed 9/13/61.]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
468-240-350
Appendix rules — General.
(1) The main body of this publication presents standards for marking and lighting objects, which are potential hazards to the safe operation of aircraft, for the purpose of indicating their presence to pilots. The material in this appendix includes texts of laws and regulations, together with information to provide guidance in complying with these texts of laws and regulations, pertaining to such objects.
(2) Existing or contemplated structures which, by reason of their height and location relative to landing areas, constitute potential hazards to the safe operation of aircraft continually demand attention in the effort to provide and maintain maximum safety for air commerce.
(3) It is vitally important that prompt notification of the construction or alteration of towers, electric transmission and telephone lines, smokestacks, water towers, buildings and similar structures, of certain heights and distances from landing areas and civil airways, be given to the aeronautical public through notices to airmen before any such structure is constructed or altered. Achievement of this result requires the cooperation of all federal, state and municipal agencies, private industry and individuals engaged in such construction or alteration.
(4) For this purpose, regulations of the Washington state aeronautics commission have been promulgated requiring the submission of Form 426 prior to the beginning of the construction or alteration of structures falling within the prescribed limits of air activity. The limits within which construction or alteration requires the submission of the form have been set after careful study of the problem and with due regard for the maximum protection of airmen.
(5) In the case of an existing structure on which a proper notice has already been submitted, some latitude for repairs is permitted by an explanation of the term "alteration." Notice may be omitted if the alteration or alterations will not increase or decrease the height of the top or any part of the structure from that previously reported by more than 1 foot for each 500 feet, or fraction thereof, of the distance that the structure is situated from the nearest boundary of the landing area involved. However, notice must be given of any alteration or alterations increasing or decreasing the height of the top or any part of a structure by more than 10 feet from that previously reported.
(6) The information required on proposed construction or alteration is clearly explained in the Form 426 prepared for that purpose and is essentially that material needed to warn airmen of a potential hazard to air navigation. It is necessary, therefore, that all applicable questions therein be answered without exception. Copies of these forms may be obtained from the Washington State Aeronautics Commission, Boeing Field, Seattle, Washington.
(7) The distance between the nearest boundary of a landing area and the site of the construction or alteration may be measured by the use of maps, or on the surface of the earth by an automobile mileage meter, or other convenient but reasonably accurate means.
(8) The term "navigable water" as used in connection with obstructions to air navigation, denotes all water suitable for the take-off or landing of water aircraft. Other geographical features which combine hydrographic and topographic characteristics, such as marshes, swamps and bogs, come within the meaning of the term "ground" as described in the act.
(9) The state aeronautics c